In this post, I’ll explain how to provide a default value when querying an absent key in a hash map in different programming languages.   Java   Let’s start with Java, my first professional programming language.   In older versions, retrieving a value from a map required using the get() method:    Map map = new HashMap();                                 (1) Object value = map.get(new Object());                    (2) if (value == null) {     value = 'default';